BlueTec

BlueTec is Daimler AG's name for its two nitrogen oxide (NOx) reducing systems, for use in their Diesel automobile engines. One is a urea-based reductant called AdBlue, the other is called DeNOx and uses an oxidizing catalytic converter and particulate filter combined with other NOx reducing systems. Both systems are designed to reduce pollutant emissions.

Mercedes-Benz introduced the systems in the E-Class (using the 'DeNOx' system) and GL-Class (using 'AdBlue') at the 2006 North American International Auto Show as the E320 and GL320 Bluetec vehicles. This system makes these vehicles 45-state and 50-state legal, respectively in the United States, and is expected to meet all emissions regulations through 2009.

A Jeep Grand Cherokee with the same BlueTec engine is also expected, and Mercedes announced tentative plans for a BLUETEC/electric hybrid S-Class.

Daimler AG has entered into an agreement with Volkswagen and Audi to share BlueTec technology with them in order to increase the Diesel passenger-vehicle market in the US.

Volkswagen introduced the Jetta Clean TDI, the Tiguan concept, and the VW Touareg BlueTDI as part of the BlueTec licensing program. All are expected to be introduced in the American market in 2008. The Jetta and the Tiguan use NOx Adsorbers, while the Touareg uses a Selective Catalytic Reduction catalytic converter.

In August 2007 VW Group announced that cooperation on BlueTec with Daimler AG would end. The reasoning for this change is due to the recognition of the VW TDI branding. VW did not want to use a competitor's branding for a product they would introduce into the market.

The BlueTec system will use two catalytic converters specifically targeting NOx. The first converter traps the NOx, and later releases it to the second converter which then converts it to nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O). This will make a diesel car legal in 45 states. But to make it pass the more stringent regulations of California, Maine, Massachusetts, New York and Vermont, AdBlue (NH4) will have to be introduced into the system, making the conversion more complete.

NH_3 + NO_x \rightarrow \; N_2 + H_2O

The whole exhaust system would work like so:

1. A Diesel oxidation catalyst reduces the amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) released from the exhaust.
2. A DeNOx catalytic converter begins a preliminary removal of oxides of nitrogen.
3. A particulate filter traps and stores soot particles, burning them off when the filter gets full.
4. If the above are not sufficient to meet the exhaust specifications, a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalytic converter will take the remaining nitrogen oxides and convert them to nitrogen and water. AdBlue will be injected into the exhaust gas stream to enable the conversion.

ViFi (Vehicle Wi-Fi)

ViFi is wireless technology that allow seamless Internet connectivity even when a user is traveling at high speed, but they require hardware that is more expensive than WiFi, or slower than WiFi, or both. (For example, the 3G networks used by the latest smart phones max out at a data rate of two megabits per second; current WiFi devices can handle 27 times that, and faster systems are on the way.) These wireless technologies can be connected to a WiFi base station to allow someone in a car or train some wireless access, but they still rely on non-WiFi systems for the critical communications link to the Internet. With increasingly powerful mobile devices appearing almost every day, eliminating the communications bottleneck to the Internet would enable us to do almost anything on the go that we can now do at our desks.

Microsoft’s new system, dubbed ViFi (for Vehicle WiFi), takes advantage of the fact that in many places, WiFi is so ubiquitous that users are within range of many base stations at the same time. By connecting to multiple base stations simultaneously, a user can request data via one base station and have that data routed to his computer even if he moves out of range of the original base station. The technology uses standard mass-produced WiFi hardware, meaning that it could be deployed cheaply in urban areas or along highways. Microsoft is testing the technology on its campus, connecting two shuttle buses (seen at right) to the Internet through a network of 11 base stations.

The ViFi technology was made available for licensing to WiFi system manufacturers in November after a positive response from other researchers as the picture below.

In normal WiFi, even if other base stations (green dots) are in range of a WiFi-equipped computer or smart phone (blue square), only one base station (circled in black) will send data to the computer, and only as long as it is in range (indicated by the red circle). Move beyond that base station’s range and the computer must establish a new connection from scratch with another station. With ViFi, the computer nominates one base station as an anchor (circled in black). Data is sent back and forth between the computer and the Internet via this base station while other bases within range of both the anchor and the computer (yellow and red circles) listen in. If these satellites detect that a computer did not receive data meant for it because it moved out of range of its anchor station or because of interference, they will relay data between the anchor and the computer. This prevents data being lost and connections disrupted as the computer picks a new base station to be its anchor. This process can be repeated over and over as the computer moves around.

New Fast-Charging Technology

Until now, lithium batteries have not had the rapid charging capability or safety level needed for use in cars. Hybrid cars now run on nickel metal hydride batteries, which power an electric motor and can rapidly recharge while the car is decelerating or standing still.

But lithium nickel manganese oxide, described in a paper to be published in Science on Feb. 17, could revolutionize the hybrid car industry -- a sector that has "enormous growth potential," says Gerbrand Ceder, MIT professor of materials science and engineering, who led the project.

"The writing is on the wall. It's clearly happening," said Ceder, who said that a couple of companies are already interested in licensing the new lithium battery technology.

The new material is more stable (and thus safer) than lithium cobalt oxide batteries, which are used to power small electronic devices like cell phones, laptop computers, rechargeable personal digital assistants (PDAs) and such medical devices as pacemakers.

The small safety risk posed by lithium cobalt oxide is manageable in small devices but makes the material not viable for the larger batteries needed to run hybrid cars, Ceder said. Cobalt is also fairly expensive, he said.

The MIT team's new lithium battery contains manganese and nickel, which are cheaper than cobalt.

Scientists already knew that lithium nickel manganese oxide could store a lot of energy, but the material took too long to charge to be commercially useful. The MIT researchers set out to modify the material's structure to make it capable of charging and discharging more quickly.

Lithium nickel manganese oxide consists of layers of metal (nickel and manganese) separated from lithium layers by oxygen. The major problem with the compound was that the crystalline structure was too "disordered," meaning that the nickel and lithium were drawn to each other, interfering with the flow of lithium ions and slowing down the charging rate.

Lithium ions carry the battery's charge, so to maximize the speed at which the battery can charge and discharge, the researchers designed and synthesized a material with a very ordered crystalline structure, allowing lithium ions to freely flow between the metal layers.

A battery made from the new material can charge or discharge in about 10 minutes -- about 10 times faster than the unmodified lithium nickel manganese oxide. That brings it much closer to the timeframe needed for hybrid car batteries, Ceder said.

Before the material can be used commercially, the manufacturing process needs to be made less expensive, and a few other modifications will likely be necessary, Ceder said.

Other potential applications for the new lithium battery include power tools, electric bikes, and power backup for renewable energy sources.

iPhone 3G

This is a coolest phone from apple that their designed futuristically and all in hand daily neccesity. With 3,5 inch multi touchscreen that easy all user to get their info, the specification is also massive capability for high-user.

Shocking Cancer by Weapon

A technique thought to be a promising cancer treatment is also being investigated as the basis for a Taser-like weapon that stuns for longer, New Scientist has learned.The technology involves short, nanosecond-long pulses of extreme voltage.Microsecond pulses have been used for years to punch temporary holes in cell membranes, to shove genes or drugs into cells. But the nanosecond pulses have similar effects on individual organelles inside a cell, such as the nucleus.For reasons as yet unknown, this can cause a cell to destroy itself in a process known as apoptosis, something being investigated as a cancer treatment. But the nanosecond pulses are also being researched as a way to temporarily disable human muscles.


Much research to date on nanosecond pulses has come from the Frank Reidy Research Centre for Bioelectrics at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, where some research is sponsored by the Pentagon's Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) of Quantico, Virginia.Existing Tasers use multiple electric shocks of a few microseconds over a five-second cycle. The shocks are delivered to the body through twin electrodes fired in a dart. The pulsing electric field created inside the body disrupts the electrical activity of nerve cell membranes. These are responsible for carrying instructions and feedback around the body.
The effects wear off almost immediately, according to Taser spokesman Steve Tuttle, so that a suspect is incapacitated for just long enough to make an arrest.

Thumbs up for 3D bone printer

EXACT replicas of a man's thumb bones have been made for the first time using a 3D printer. The breakthrough paves the way for surgeons to replace damaged or diseased bones with identical copies built from the patients' own cells.

"In theory, you could do any bone," says Christian Weinand of the Insel Hospital in Berne, Switzerland, head of the team that copied his thumb bones. "Now I can put spares in my pocket if I want," he says.


Weinand "grew" his replacement bones on the backs of laboratory mice, in the same way that Jay Vacanti of Massachusetts General Hospital famously grew a human ear from human cartilage cells back in 1997.

However, a surrogate mouse would normally be unnecessary, says Weinand. For example, if someone had lost a thumb, the replacement bones could be grown in situ. For now, the only options are to replace the thumb with the patient's own toe, or with bone fragments from elsewhere.

There are several steps in the new process. Firstly, you need a 3D image of the bone you want to copy. If the bone has been lost or destroyed, you can make a mirror image of its surviving twin.

This image is then fed into a 3D inkjet printer, which deposits thin layers of a pre-selected material on top of one another until a 3D object materialises.

Weinand loaded the printer with tricalcium phosphate and a type of polylactic acid - natural structural materials found in the human body. The resulting bone "scaffolds" contained thousands of tiny pores into which bone cells could settle, grow and eventually displace the biodegradable scaffold altogether.

Windows 7

Windows 7 (formerly codenamed Blackcomb and Vienna) is the next release of Microsoft Windows, an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, Tablet PCs, netbooks and media center PCs. Microsoft stated in 2007 they were planning Windows 7 development for a three-year time frame starting after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista. Microsoft has stated that the final release date would be determined by product quality.

Unlike its predecessor, Windows 7 is intended to be an incremental upgrade from Vista, with the goal of being fully compatible with device drivers, applications, and hardware with which Windows Vista is already compatible. Presentations given by the company in 2008 have focused on multi-touch support, a redesigned Windows Shell with a new taskbar, a home networking system called HomeGroup, and performance improvements. Some applications that have been included with prior releases of Microsoft Windows, most notably Windows Movie Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, are no longer included with the operating system; they are instead offered separately (free of charge) as part of the Windows Live Essentials suite but they are still have a lack below.


There is no sidebar anymore so new windows seven look like untidy than last product like vista

One of the advantages of windows seven that we can choose any network simply than before

OLED The Future TV

An Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), also Light Emitting Polymer (LEP) and Organic Electro Luminescence (OEL), is any Light Emitting Diode (LED) whose emissive electroluminescent layer is composed of a film of organic compounds. The layer usually contains a polymer substance that allows suitable organic compounds to be deposited. They are deposited in rows and columns onto a flat carrier by a simple "printing" process. The resulting matrix of pixels can emit light of different colors.



Such systems can be used in television screens, computer displays, small, portable system screens such as cell phones and PDAs, advertising, information and indication. OLEDs can also be used in light sources for general space illumination, and large-area light-emitting elements. OLEDs typically emit less light per area than inorganic solid-state based LEDs which are usually designed for use as point-light sources.

A significant benefit of OLED displays over traditional liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is that OLEDs do not require a backlight to function. Thus they draw far less power and, when powered from a battery, can operate longer on the same charge. Because there is no need for a backlight, an OLED display can be much thinner than an LCD panel. Degradation of OLED materials has limited their use.

A typical OLED is composed of an emissive layer, a conductive layer, a substrate, and anode and cathode terminals. The layers are made of organic molecules that conduct electricity. The layers have conductivity levels ranging from insulators to conductors, so OLEDs are considered organic semiconductors.

The first, most basic OLEDs consisted of a single organic layer, for example the first light-emitting polymer device synthesised by Burroughs et al. involved a single layer of poly(p-phenylene vinylene). Multilayer OLEDs can have more than two layers to improve device efficiency. As well as conductive properties, layers may be chosen to aid charge injection at electrodes by providing a more gradual electronic profile, or block a charge from reaching the opposite electrode and being wasted


A voltage is applied across the OLED such that the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. This causes a current of electrons to flow through the device from cathode to anode. Thus, the cathode gives electrons to the emissive layer and the anode withdraws electrons from the conductive layer; in other words, the anode gives electron holes to the conductive layer.
Soon, the emissive layer becomes negatively charged, while the conductive layer becomes rich in positively charged holes. Electrostatic forces bring the electrons and the holes towards each other and they recombine. This happens closer to the emissive layer, because in organic semiconductors holes are more mobile than electrons. The recombination causes a drop in the energy levels of electrons, accompanied by an emission of radiation whose frequency is in the visible region. That is why this layer is called emissive.
The device does not work when the anode is put at a negative potential with respect to the cathode. In this condition, holes move to the anode and electrons to the cathode, so they are moving away from each other and do not recombine.

Indium tin oxide is commonly used as the anode material. It is transparent to visible light and has a high work function which promotes injection of holes into the polymer layer. Metals such as aluminium and calcium are often used for the cathode as they have low work functions which promote injection of electrons into the polymer layer.
Just like passive-matrix LCD versus active-matrix LCD, OLEDs can be categorized into passive-matrix and active-matrix displays. Active-matrix OLEDs (AMOLED) require a thin film transistor backplane to switch the individual pixel on or off, and can make higher resolution and larger size displays possible. Soon OLED will be market massly, so just hope for it..

Future Tech LED

The invention of the bright-white light-emitting diode (LED) in the 1990s marked the beginning of a revolution in lighting. Cheap, long-lasting, and needing little power, bright LEDs are increasingly the light source of choice for flashlights, traffic signs, even the brilliant marquees in places like New York City’s Times Square. They are also used to illuminate the picture in some large-screen TVs. But LEDs still have not made much headway in our homes and offices, where the general lighting provided by incandescents and fluorescents is still superior.



Part of the reason is that individual LEDs are typically quite small; the surface area of the semiconductor material that emits light is only about one square millimeter. As a consequence, a bright LED, of the kind found in a flashlight, might produce 80 lumens (a lumen is a standard measure of how powerful a light source appears). A 100-watt incandescent bulb, in contrast, typically emits about 1,500 lumens. To approach this level of brightness, lighting manufacturers have arranged LEDs in arrays, which is a bulky solution at best. Some have made individual small LEDs as bright as 1,000 lumens, but these are expensive and still function best as spotlights, not as area lighting for a room.

Now Luminus Devices hopes to break into the general lighting realm with its LED PhlatLight. Derived from research the firm’s founders did at MIT, the PhlatLight is a much bigger LED, with a light-emitting area of 12 square milli­meters. A single such LED can generate up to 3,300 lumens. PhlatLights have already been used to backlight large LCD screens, replacing the necessary thousands of LEDs with a few dozen. For room lighting, a PhlatLight would be placed at the end of a plastic tube similar to those used for fluorescent fixtures. Light from the LED would spread out along the tube, illuminating a wide area. Luminus Devices hopes to have affordable versions of such lighting on the market within a few years.

HOW IT WORKS

If you want more light, making the light-emitting portion of an LED bigger seems like a no-brainer. But just as something painted black is very good at both emitting and absorbing heat, a semiconductor that is very good at emitting photons is also very good at absorbing them. In a traditional LED, the bigger you make the light-emitting region (the red layer in the diagram), the harder it is to get the photons out before they are reabsorbed. Luminus Devices has overcome this problem by creating a so-called photonic lattice in the top layer of the LED (blue). This lattice looks like an arrangement of tiny holes, each one smaller than the wavelength of light being emitted by the LED. Metaphorically speaking, the lattice acts as a magnet for photons, extracting them (white arrow) from the light-emitting region before they can be reabsorbed.

Intel Core i7

Intel Core i7 is a family of three Intel desktop x86-64 processors, the first processors released using the Intel Nehalem microarchitecture and the successor to the Intel Core 2 family. With faster, intelligent, multi-core technology that applies processing power where it's needed most, new Intel® Core™ i7 processors deliver an incredible breakthrough in PC performance. They are the best desktop processors on the planet.¹

You'll multitask applications faster and unleash incredible digital media creation. And you'll experience maximum performance for everything you do, thanks to the combination of Intel® Turbo Boost technology² and Intel® Hyper-Threading technology (Intel® HT technology)³, which maximizes performance to match your workload.

The Nehalem microarchitecture has many new features, some of which are present in the Core i7. The ones that represent significant changes from the Core 2 include:

* The new LGA 1366 socket is incompatible with earlier processors.
* On-die memory controller: the memory is directly connected to the processor.
- Three channel memory: each channel can support one or two DDR3 DIMMs. Motherboards for Core i7 have four (3+1) or six DIMM slots instead of two or four, and DIMMs can be installed in sets of three or two.
- Support for DDR3 only.
- No ECC support.
* The front side bus is replaced by QuickPath interface. Motherboards must use a chipset that supports QuickPath.
* The following caches:
- 64 KB L1 instruction and 64 KB L1 data cache per core
- 256 KB L2 cache (combined instruction and data) per core
- 8 MB L3 (combined instruction and data) "inclusive", shared by all cores
* Single-die device: all four cores, the memory controller, and all cache are on a single die.
* "Turbo Boost" technology allows all active cores to intelligently clock themselves up in steps of 133 MHz over the design clock rate as long as the CPU's predetermined thermal and electrical requirements are still met.[11]
* Re-implemented Hyper-threading. Each of the four cores can process up to two threads simultaneously, so the processor appears to the OS as eight CPUs. This feature was present in the older NetBurst microarchitecture but was dropped in Core.
* Only one QuickPath interface: not intended for multi-processor motherboards.
* 45nm process technology.
* 781M transistors for the quad core version.
* 263mm2 Die size.
* Sophisticated power management can place an unused core in a zero-power mode.
* Support for SSE4.2 & SSE4.1 instruction sets.

An EVDO Broadband Access

EvDO or "3xEV-DO" is "Evolution-Data Optimized third generation", allowing extremely fast data transmissions to cellphones, smartphones and PC cards (used for PC tethering). This gives users functionality previously limited by transmission speeds. From streaming video to downloading files, EV-DO networks are a significant and necessary step in transforming and improving our cellular devices. EV-DO is a network "BroadbandAccess". If you want to access the network by using EV-DO you must use the cellphone modem or PC Card looks like the picture below.

















I did a test of the Jump Smart EV-DO upload and download speeds. My test program was the free speedtest.net. Testing was performed using Jakarta location. All tests were within minutes of each other, and were run when my signal strength showed three out of four bars. Tests

Averaging three speed tests gave me these final results:

Download Speed: 1204 kbps (150,2 KB/sec transfer rate)
Upload Speed: 456 kbps (57 KB/sec transfer rate)